Method of underpinning buildings, &amp;c.



' J. B. GOLDSBOROUGH. METHOD OF UNDERPINNING BUILDINGS, &u.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 26, 1912.

Patented June 3, 1913.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

R O T N E V N WITNESSES:

/ 4 By A 170711 eys,

COLUMBIA FLANOURAPH CU, WAsIUNGTO-N. D C.

J. B. GOLDSBOROUGH.

METHOD OF UNDERPINNING BUILDINGS, 6w.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.26,1912.

Patented June 3, 1913.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

INVENTOR WITNESSES:

figyyflltorneys,

J. B. GOLDSBOROUGH. METHOD OF UNDEBPINNING BUILDINGS, 6w. APPLICATIONFILED AUG. 20, 1912.

1,063,869. Patented June 3, 1913.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

INVENTOR B A ome s, W @TMW STATES A rET FFICE.

JOHN B. GOLDSBOROUGH, OF GROTON, NEW YORK.

METHOD OF UNDERPINNING BUILDINGS, 8w.

To all who m, '1. Z may concern.

Be it known that I, JOHN B. GoLnsnon- ()UUII, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing in Croton, in the county of \Vestchester and State ofNew York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Methodsof Underpinning Buildings, &c., of which the following is aspecification.

My invention relates to the underpinning of buildings, particularly tosuch buildings as are supported in whole or in part upon isolated piersor columns, and has for its object to provide a new underpinning orfoundation for such buildings.

Further objects of my invention are to provide such new foundationbefore the building is deprived of its original support, also withoutimdermining the original supports, and further to avoid the necessityfor temporary supports, shores, needles and braces for such buildingwhile the new foundation is being constructed.

A further and important object of my invention is to provide a newfoundation or underpinning for such building in such manner as to reducethe interference with the ordinary use, by the occupants, of thebuilding, leaving them free and undisturbed and permitting the use ofthe building to continue in the ordinary manner to a much greater extentthan has heretofore been pos sible by the employment of previous knownmethods of extending and underpinning building foundations.

A further objectis to avoid the shifting of the load at the base of thecolumns or footings. The nn'iintenance of the load is very in'iportantas whenever the load is transferred to and from a footing, there isbound to be at least some upward or downward, or both, movements of thebuilding. A vertical movement in either i lirection is always a sourceof danger and frequently results .in serious damage to the building.

According to my invention the piers or columns are bonded together,preferably at their base portions, by a new footing which occupies agreatly extended area and consequently has an increased supportingpower, which may or may not be provided with fmindation elements of agreater depth.

In the accompanying drawings, I have illustrated practical embmlimentsof my invention. lIere Figure 1 a vertical crosssection of the columnsupports of the front wall of a building which it is desired toSpecification of Letters Patent.

Application filed August 26, 1912.

Patented June 3, 1913.

Serial No. 717,154.

underpin. Fig. 2 is a plan view, parts being shown in section,illustrating that stage of my new method of underpinning, wherein thebase portions appear bonded together by the new concrete footing, andwherein is illustrated the use of pits for the purpose of sinkingfoundation elements of greater depth. Parts of the wall and columns ofthis tigure are in section. Fig. 3 is a vertical cross-section of thestructure illustrated in Fig. 9 on the line Si -3, Fig. 2. Fig. 4; is acrosssection on the line l-l Fig. '52. Fig. 5 is a cross-section on theline 55, Fig. 2. Fig. 6 is a plan view partly in section, illustratingthe employment of modifications in the method, and Fig. 7 is a frontelevation of the structure illustrated in Fig. 6.

In large cities where, as is usually the case, the front of commercialbuildings are supported upon piers or columns having isolated footings,it occasionally becomes necessary in connection with great public works,such as subways, etc, to tunnel into the soil a considerable depth belowthe footings of such piers or columns. This requires that the weightwhich was previously borne by such footings of such piers or columns,shall be transferred to a new and deeper foundation. The methods ofuiulerpinning heretofore. in vogue have required that during the processof creating the new underpinning, the earth supporting the footing ofsuch piers or columns shall be removed to permit the erection of the newunderpinning. It has consequently been necessary upon the removal ofsuch support to provide temporary supports for the wall beingunderpinned. buch temporary supports .fre' quently take the form ofneedles-arranged trans\ 'ersely of and suitably secured to the wallbeing underpinned and supported at their ends upon the cribs. ()thershores or braces may be employed. This method of temporary support isobjectionable in that it requires the weight of the building to betransferred from its previous support to a new support, and also in thatthe large mass of timbers, needles, shores, braces, cribbing, etc.,interfere with the work in the process of iainstruction, and, further,usually interfere with the interior of the building which is beingunderpinned.

According to my invention the piers or columns upon which a wall of thebuilding is supported may be underpinned without removing the originalfoundation or soil sin supporting the footing of such piers or columns,and the area of the footing of such piers or columns may be greatlyincreased, and if it is desired foundation elements may be provided andcarried to a greater depth and suitably connected to the new under-.pinning of such piers or columns, and the provision of the newfoundation does not necessitate any temporary support of the building,during underpinning.

In Fig. 1, A A are the side walls of a building, the front of which iscarried partly upon the front of such side walls and partly upon piersor columns B. Foot-ings a b are provided for the said side walls A andpiers B. The said side walls and piers are illustrated as having theirfootings resting upon the soil a short distance below the floor level Xwhich is usual in constructions of the character referred to. Suchfootings are perfectly safe and will sustain a large weight whenundisturbed. If, however, for any reason it becomes necessary toexcavate the adjacent soil below the level of the supports for the saidfootings, means must be provided to increase the supporting area of thesaid footings, and frequently to extend the foundation elements to alower level. According to my invention the earth is pref erablyexcavated to substantially the bottom of the footings a I). It will beperceived that the soil beneath the footings a b is not disturbed andtherefore its original supporting power is not impaired. I then causesuitable supporting members to be brought into engagement with the lowerparts of the piers B and walls A or their foundations, and an excellentmanner in which this step may be performed is by causing the flanges ofI beams C to pass beneath the lower surface of the footings (L b. Iprefer to locate a portion of each supporting beam beneath apart of thefootings of the columns when such footings are suitable for thispurpose, but such location is not essential and if as occisionallyhappens the footing is not suitable for the purpbse the beam may engagea suitable part of the base portion of the column above the footing, forinstance by having its flange inserted therein. I preferably arrange thesaid I beams one upon each side of the footings Z) of the piers and oneat the exposed side of the footings a of the walls A. Means are thenprovided for connecting these I beams together and for spacing themapart and holding them in position. As illustrated in Figs. 1 to 5 suchmeans take the form of lattice beams D, which are well illustrated inFig. 3 and which are arranged longitudinally of the front wall of thebuilding and in line with the footings a b. Two of such beams arepreferably provided, one of which is located on each side of the footings a b, and they are arranged with their webs vertical, and the endsof the It beams C pass through openings in the lattice work of the saidbeams whereby the I beams C are retained in position. Thereupon by theaid of a suitable form or mold, if necessary, I cause a mass of suitableplastic material, such as concrete, to be placed in position whereby itcompletely embeds and surrounds the footings (t Z), the supporting beamsC and the connecting beams D. This mass of concrete extends on each sideof the footings a Z) to a point sufficiently beyond the ends of the Ibeams C and the beams D to completely embed the same, and it extendsthroughout between the walls A A. it is preferably made considerablythicker than the original footings (a b and may well have a depth of,say, 30 inches. Thereby a new foundation or footing will be producedwhich may have an area increased in size as much as desired beyond thearea of the original footing. This will possess a great strength againstfracture by reason of the intrinsic strength of the material employed,and likewise by reason of the fact that the supports C not only serve totransfer the weight of the building directly from the footings of thewall and column to the said new supports and to reinforce the same, butalso because the new support or foundation is greatly reinforced by thelongitudinal lattice beams D. If desired additional reinforcements maybe provided and these may well take the form of the small rods F arranged vertically at the front and rear sides of the footings b, as seenin Fig. 2. If de sired additional longitudinal reinforcing rods G mayalso be provided.

For some purposes the greatly increased bearing afforded by theincreased area of the new foundation, which as a whole I shall call H,may be suflicient. But should it, however, be desired to carry thefoundation down and provide ample support at a lower depth which isbeyond reach of the future distiu-bance of the soil, my method lendsitself well to the construction of such new and deep foundations. Itwill be perceived that the new footing or underpinning H is of greatlyincreased size over the original footings a 7) and is more thansufficient to carry the load borne by the original footings. Therefore,while it would endanger the safety of the building to undermine thefootings a b, it will. by reason of the rovision of the new footing Hwhich bonds together footings a b and provides a new unitary foo-ting ofgreatly increased area and strength, be perfectly safe to undermine thisnew footing H sufficient to install underpinning cylinders, Accordinglyin Fig. 2 l have illustrated the construction of pit-s beneath the saidfooting H and these pits I shall designate H H H H, H H Each pit is sunkso that only as much thereof will be beneath the footing H as is neces-Cir sary to install the underpinning cylinders, and thereby theminin'ium amount of mate rial beneath the footing is removed. The saidpits are constructed in the usual mannor, of sheet piling suitablydriven into the earth and are made large enough to provide suitableworking room for the men. The pits H 111 ll are located in position toenable suitable :tmmdation elements, such as underpinning cylinders I,to be driven into the soil beneath the side walls A, and pits H, 11 Hare located so that similar :tound ation elements may be driven into theearth under the footing II. l V hen the said pits have been carried to aproper depth, iron cylinders may be located at the door of the pit, andby means of a jack reacting against the underside oil. the :lcamdationll. the cylinder may be driven into the soil. A water jet if desired maybe employed to aid in sinking the cylinder. lVhen the cylinder has beendriven to a :lirin substrata which is capable of supporting thenecessary weight, it may be cleaned out and if desired filled withconcrete and suitably connected to the 'looting ll. Such connection may"well take the lform of an iron cap or beam Y which may be placed uponthe top of the cylinder and upon which in turn may be placed a column Kof concrete with which the pits may wholly or partly be tilled and whichmay be connected to the :looting Tl by suit able plates K, beams K, Kand wedges K. In Fig. l: I have illustrated on the right hand side theemployment of a concrete column K connecting the 'liooting H to the deep:lioundation elements I, whereas on the lel't hand side of said figure acylinder section I is illustrated as employed for this purpose. Myinvention is not concerned with the manner ot sinking deeper foundationelemei'its, but rather with the provision of means whereby such deeperfoundation elements may simply be inserted beneath the wall or pierswithout requiring temporary supports tor the building during theprocess. Any suitable manner o'li constructing deeper lioundations maybe employed. The pits may be tilled with concrete. liles may be drivenin the pits, and any other oi the known methods may be made use oi. Nordoes my invention require the presence of the I beams (l as thesupporting members or the braces whereby the weight oi. the building istransferred to the new :lioundation ll. 'llhese I beams are l believethe most desirable :lorm of construction for this purpose. ()ther:lorins olt' continuous beams n'right be used and supports or hangersmight be used that are not continuous. Furthermore, my inventimi is notnecessarily present only in the case of the particular construction ollongitudinal beams I), as other braces may be employed for reinforcingthe concrete and :lFor retaining the supports G in place.

Thus in Fig. (3 I have illustrated the employn'ient of I beams (l as thesupporting members, but in place (it the integral longitudinal beams l)there are employed beams .11 which are preferably I beams and [itclosely between adjacent beams (l. The said beams L are caused to fittightly between the beams C by reason of wedges Z which are driven toretain them in position. By the employment of these short wedgcdicldbeams 11, .l mu enabled to provide a structure which is :tully as stillas though the in tegral beams l) were employed. As a inatter ol? tact,even before the concrete 1) is placed around the said beams (l, L, so asto embed the same, the rigidity of the structurc such that it possessesan enormous mtpacity o'l' resistance against side-wise strain and ispractically an integral :lioundalion. The subsequent addition oi. theconcrete l produces a .tooli'n of great strength.

lVhelhcr or not the looting ill. be reinilorced in one or the other way,or whether one or the other way be employed of bonding together thetoumlation elements, the strength ol the looting will be such that insinking the cylinder li it is perlbctly sale to jack against any part otthe :looling ll without :lfear ol. rupture.

The foregoing invention presents a simple and ellicient means of bondingtogether isolated :lioumlations so that they practically becon'ie anintegral 'toundation, and enables a building supported on such isolated:toundation to be underpinned without the employment oil. temporarysupports, needles, shores or braces in as satisfactory a manncr asthough this part of the building had been supported on an integral wall.'.l hcreby this hazardous operation is made as satle as any oluaralionsol lhis character can be made. It is well umlerstood that underpinningoperalions are in themselves the most dillicult and dangerous which thebuilder and contractor are called upon to perform.

The invention herein described has gone into practical use and has beensalistzu-lorily employed in a number ol cases. It has been found thatthe use ol the said invention is less expensive than the temporary orthe permanent bcam girders, timbers, needles, shores, braces, or otherarrangement hereto 'lore used in connection with the underpinning ol.separate piers. hly said extended looting becomes a permanentstrengthening and reinl'orcement oL" the building and can be placedentirely below the floor levels so that it all'ords no inlerlcrence withthe use ol' the lloor space of the building or between the columns, the'lootings ol which have been extended and connected together.

Tn many applications o't my invention it has been l'ound that it is notnecessary to enter within the building tor the purpose of employing thesaid invention. A number of buildings have been underpinned according tomy invention wherein the operations were conducted entirely from theoutside. The dirt from around the columns was removed from underneaththe basement floor. In this case temporary partitions bet-ween thecolumns effectually shut off all annoyance from dirt or intrusion byworkmen, or by the elements. In the usual methods of underpinning suchbuildings the dust that is inseparable from such work, the litter andthe noise constitute a great nuisance to the occupants of the buildingand interfere with its regular use. By my method these annoyances andnuisances are reduced or wholly abated.

By the use of my invention I have been able to underpin piers and wallssurround-- ing elevated machinery, and likewise elevators for passengerand freight in high otiice buildings and lofts. All of the operations ofextending the footing and underpinning the walls were carried on fromthe street side underneath the floor without disturbing the floor insideof the building line. By ordinary methods it would necessarily haveseriously interfered with the operation of the elevators and have causedgreat expense in removing and re-installing the machinery that waslocated in the basement near the bottom of the shafts for such purpose.The cost of moving such machinery and rear ranging the same andestablishing connections for the temporary operation of the elevatorduring the underpinning of the building, would, in most cases, costseveral times as much as the entire expense involved by placing myextended footings under the said elevator supports as described, besidesthe advantage that by my method the building is free from exposure tothe elements. It will be seen, therefore, that both economy andv otheradvantages are derived from the use of my said invention. It will alsobe apparent to those skilled in such matters that in addition toincreasing the support of the building or other structure in a verticalplane, my invention adds great stability to the building by preventingany lateral or longitudinal mmrement of the piers. This a very importantfeature as when deep excavations are made, such as that occasioned bythe construction of a subway or the excavation for a deep foundationadjacent to an erected buildii'ig, it will be possible. if the piers areseparately supported for the corner, for instance, to move, even thoughit be securely underpinned to a firm substrata. Lateral pressure of theearth toward the excavation might tend to cause a lateral movement atthe foot of the old pier where it rests upon the new underpinning. Bythe use of my invention, however, the piers are all firmly joinedtogether at their bases, providing a unitary foo-ting of increasedsupporting power, and by this separate movement of the footings of thepiers is prevented. As well the transverse strength of the foundationprovided according to my invention is very great for the reasons herein,fully set forth. Another most important advantage of my invention is thegreatsaving in time. Hitherto in the use of previous methods ofunderpinning the said structures wherein temporary supports wereprovided, ithas occurred that buildings rested on such temporarysupports for substantially one year, due, perhaps, to the fact that theadjacent excavations took longer than had been expected and that theemployment of the temporary supports was continued until the adjacentoperations were concluded. By the use of my invention a new and extendedfooting can be preparedoften in as short a time as two days, and thisextended footing is constructed without the smallest interference withthe use of the building even if the precautions above taken to avoidintrusion on the interior of the building are not made use of.

It will be gathered from the foregoing that my invention does notnecessarily reside in its use in. connection with the particularinstrmnentalities which I have illustrated. Other devices may beemployed and other means made use of within the appended claims.

What I claim is 1. The method of underpinning the Wall of a building orother structure supported on columns, which consists in locatingsupporting beams each with a portion thereof in engagement with a partof one of said columns, in then locating lower ends of said columnswhereby said columns are braced against relative movement, in thenforming a bed of concrete or the like upon the ground about the saidcolumns, and embedding a portion of said supporting beams and the saidbraces in said concrete.

2. The method of underpinning the wall of a building or other structuresupported on separated columns, which consists in loeating supportingbeams each with a portion thereof underlying a part of the base portionof one of said columns, in then connecting the said beams bylongitudinal connecting members whereby the several columns are bondedtogether, in then forming a bed of concrete or the like upon the groundabout the base portions of the said columns, and embedding saidsupporting beams and said connecting members in said concrete.

3. The method of underpinning the wall of a building or other structuresupported on separated columns, which consists in loeating supportingbeams each with a portion thereof underlying a part of the baseportlonof one of said columns, 1n then connectingthe said bcamsbylongitudinal connecting members whereby the several colulnns are bondedtogether, in then 'lorming a bed ot concrete or the like upon the groundaround the base portions ot. the said. columns, amt embtalding saidsupporting beams and said connecting n'lenibers in said concrete, and inthen constructing pits under said concrete limiting, installing:lioumlation elements in said pits and connecting said deeper foundationelements to said concrete :looting.

t. The method of underpinning the wall of a building or other strm-turesupported on columns, which consists in locating I beams with theirflanges in engagement with the base portions of the coliunns, in thenForming a bed of concrete or the like around the base portions of saidcolumns and cmbedding said I beams therein.

5. The method o't' underpinning the wall of a building or otherstructure supported on columns, which consists in locating I beams withtheir :tlanges in engagement with the base portions of the columns, inthen locating longiti'ulinal beams and connecting them to said I beamstherein, in then :lorming a bed of concrete or the like around the baseportions of said columns and embed ding said I beams and saidlongitudinal beams therein.

6. The method of underpinning the wall of a building or other structin'esupported on columns, which consists in locating I beams with theirflanges in engagement with the base portions of the columns, in thenforming a bed of concrete or the liki around the base portions of saidcolumns and embedding said I beams therein, and in then locating pits atdesired intervals under said concrete footing, installing foundationelements in said pits and coi'lnecting said deeper foundation elementsto said concrete 'tooting.

7 The method of underpinning the wall of a building or other structuresupported on columns, which consists in locating I beams with theirflanges in engagement with the base portions oi the columns, in thentor-min g a bed o'l concrete or the like around. the base portions ofsaid columns and embedding said I beams therein, and in then locatingpits at desired intervals under said concrete footings, and drivingcolumn sections in said pits to a firm sub-strata beneath said concretefooting by means of jacks reacting against said extended footing, andconnecting said deeper foundation elements to said concrete :tooting.

8. The method of underpinning the wall. of a building or other structuresupported on columns, which consists in excavating the soil to thefootings of said columns, in then locating I beams transversely with aflange of each beam under the footing of a column, in then arranginglongitudinal beams in position to brace said I beams apart and hold themin position, in then torming a bed ot concrete or the like around thebase portions o'l said columns, and embedding said transverse andlongitudinal beams therein.

t). The method ol underpinning the wall of a building or other structuresupported on columns, which consists in excavating the soil to thefootings o't said colunms, in then locating I beams traiisversely with aflange olf each beam under the :tiooting ot a column, in then arranginglongitudinal beams in pm sition to brace said I beams apart and holdthem in position, in then :torming a bed oil? concrete or the likearound the base portions oil? said columns, and embedding saidtransverse and longitudinal beams therein, and in then locating pits atdesired intervals under said concrete :toot-ings, installing :toumlationelements in said pits and connecting said deeper foundation elements tosaid concrete :liooting.

[0. The method ot underpinning the wall ot? a building or otherstruetm'e supported on columns, which consists in locating I beamstransvm'stdy with a flange of each beam under the -Footing ot a column,in then connecting longitudinal beams to said transverse beams so as tosupport them, in then 'torming a bed ot concrete or the like around thebase portions o't said columns, and embedding said transverse andlongitudinal beams therein.

it. The method o't umlerpinning the wall of a building or otherstructure supported on columns, which consists in locating I beamstransversely with a llange of each beam under the footing ot a column,in then connecting longitudinal beams to said transverse beams so as tosupport them, in then .torming a bed ol concrete or the like around thebase portions o't said columns, and one bedding said transverse amllongitudinal beams therein, and driving column sections in said pits toa firm sub-strata beneath said concrete :t ooting by means of jacksreacting against said concrete footings, and connecting said deeper't'oundation elements to said concrete 'lootings.

12. \v toundation tor buildings or other structures supported in wholeor in part upon imltaiendcnt columns, comprising a new and extended'tooting oi. concrete or the like located in substantially the level ofthe original base portions o'l such columns and surrounding the same,and means for connecting such cxtended :tiooting to the original baseportions ot such columns comprising beams each oi? which has a portionengaging under a portion ot one ot. said columns and which are embeddedwithin such extended tooling, whereby the columns are bonded togetherand a new -tj'ooting of extended area is provided.

13. A foundation for buildings or other structures supported in whole orin part upon columns, comprising an integral lateral extension from theoriginal footings of such columns of concrete or the like, I beamshaving their flanges located under said original footings and embeddedin such lateral extension so as to transfer a load thereto.

14. A foundation for buildings or other structures supported in whole01' in part upon columns, comprising an integral lateral extension fromthe original footings of such columns of concrete or the like, I beamshaving their flanges engaging parts of the base portions of such columnsand located transversely thereof, and longitudinal beams connecting saidI beams, said I beams and longitudinal beams embedded in said extendedfootings and serving to distribute the load thereto.

15. The method of supporting the wall of a building or other structure,supported on separated columns, which consists in excavating to thebases of said columns and then locating horizontal beams each with aportion thereof underlying a part of the base portions of one of saidcolumns, and in then forming a unitary bed of concrete or the like uponthe ground around the base portions of the said columns and atsubstantially the same level, and in contact with the said base portionsand with said horizontal beams, whereby said beams serve to reinforcesaid concrete and to form a connection between the base portion of saidcolumns and said concrete, and whereby a new foundation is created ofextended area, which binds the several columns together withoutundermining the original foundation.

16. The method bf underpinning the wall of a building or other structuresupported on separated columns, which consists in excavatingsubstantially to the footings of said columns, locating beams inposition relative to the footings of said columns so that a portion ofeach of said beams is beneath a portion of one of said footings, in thenforming a bed of concrete or the like about the base portions of all ofsaid columns, and embedding portions of said beams therein, whereby anew footing of extended area for all said columns is provided which.receives part of the load and whereby the said columns are bondedtogether.

17 The method of underpinning the wall of a building or other structurewithout removing the soil below the level of the original footings whichconsists in excavating substantially to the level of said footings, inlocating beams in position relative to such footings so that a portionof each of said beams is beneath a portion of said footings and aportion thereof is above the base of said footings, in then forming abed of concrete or the like about the base portions of said footingssubstantially on the same level, and embedding portions of said beamsthere in, whereby a new footing of extended area is provided and a partof the load of said wall is transferred thereto.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto signed my name in the presence oftwo subscribing witnesses.

J Ol-IN B. GOLDSBOROUGH.

\Vitnesses MARTIN l3. MEAGHER, ALrHoNsn JANT.

Copies of this patent mav be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents,

' Washington, D. G.

